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10.3.1 Server Character Set and Collation
-----------------------------------------
The MySQL Server has a server character set and a server collation,
which may not be null.
MySQL determines the server character set and server collation thus:
* According to the option settings in effect when the server starts
* According to the values set at runtime
At the server level, the decision is simple. The server character set
and collation depend initially on the options that you use when you
start `mysqld'. You can use `--default-character-set' for the character
set, and along with it you can add `--default-collation' for the
collation. If you don't specify a character set, that is the same as
saying `--default-character-set=latin1'. If you specify only a
character set (for example, `latin1') but not a collation, that is the
same as saying `--default-charset=latin1'
`--default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci' because `latin1_swedish_ci' is
the default collation for `latin1'. Therefore, the following three
commands all have the same effect:
shell> mysqld
shell> mysqld --default-character-set=latin1
shell> mysqld --default-character-set=latin1 \
--default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci
One way to change the settings is by recompiling. If you want to change
the default server character set and collation when building from
sources, use: `--with-charset' and `--with-collation' as arguments for
`configure'. For example:
shell> ./configure --with-charset=latin1
Or:
shell> ./configure --with-charset=latin1 \
--with-collation=latin1_german1_ci
Both `mysqld' and `configure' verify that the character set/collation
combination is valid. If not, each program displays an error message
and terminates.
The current server character set and collation are available as the
values of the `character_set_server' and `collation_server' system
variables. These variables can be changed at runtime.
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