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When the system is brought up, always do a consistency check of the filesystems. Often this check is done automatically as part of the power-up process. Included as part of that process is a sanity check of each filesystem on the hard disk. The sanity check returns a code for each filesystem indicating whether the consistency checking and repair program, fsck(ADM), should be run.
Use fsck to check filesystems not mounted routinely as part of the power-up process. If inconsistencies are discovered, you must take corrective action before mounting the filesystems. The rest of this section acquaints you with