regcmp(S)

Synopsis

   char *regcmp (const char *string1, [char *string2...,] (char *)0);
   

   char *regex (const char *re, const char *subject, ...);
   
   extern char *__loc1;

Description

The regex function executes a compiled pattern against the subject string. Additional arguments of type char * must be passed to receive matched subexpressions back.

A global character pointer __loc1 points to the first matched character in the subject string.

Both regcmp and regex were largely borrowed from the editor ed(C), but the syntax and semantics have been changed slightly. The following are the valid symbols and their associated meanings:

[].^

These symbols retain their meaning in ed(C).

$

Matches the end of the string; \n matches a newline.

-

Within brackets the minus means through. For example, [a-z] is equivalent to [abcd...xyz]. The - can appear as itself only if used as the first or last character. For example, the character class expression []-] matches the characters ] and -.

+

A regular expression followed by + means one or more times. For example, [0-9]+ is equivalent to [0-9][0-9].

{m} {m,} {m,u}

Integer values enclosed in {} indicate the number of times the preceding regular expression is to be applied. The value m is the minimum number and u is a number, less than 256, which is the maximum. If only m is present (that is, {m}), it indicates the exact number of times the regular expression is to be applied. The value {m,} is analogous to {m,infinity}. The plus (+) and star () operations are equivalent to {1,} and {0,} respectively.

( ... )$n

The value of the enclosed regular expression is to be returned. The value will be stored in the (n+1)th argument following the subject argument. At most, ten enclosed regular expressions are allowed. regex makes its assignments unconditionally.

( ... )

Parentheses are used for grouping. An operator, for example, , +, {}, can work on a single character or a regular expression enclosed in parentheses. For example, (a(cb+))$0.

By necessity, all the above defined symbols are special. They must, therefore, be escaped with a \ (backslash) to be used as themselves.

Examples

   char *cursor, *newcursor, *ptr;
   	...
   newcursor = regex((ptr = regcmp("^\n", (char *)0)), cursor);
   free(ptr);

The following example matches through the string Testing3 and returns the address of the character after the last matched character (the ``4''). The string Testing3 is copied to the character array ret0.

   char ret0[9];
   char *newcursor, *name;
   	...
   name = regcmp("([A-Za-z][A-za-z0-9]{0,7})$0", (char *)0);
   newcursor = regex(name, "012Testing345", ret0);

The following example applies a precompiled regular expression in file.i [see regcmp(C)] against string.

   #include "file.i"
   char string, newcursor;
   	...
   newcursor = regex(name, string);

Return values

Upon successful completion, regex returns a pointer to the next unmatched character in the subject string. Otherwise, a NULL pointer is returned. The regex function returns a NULL pointer on failure, or a pointer to the next unmatched character on success.

Errors

ENOMEM

Insufficient storage space was available.

Usage

Compatibility

References

Standards conformance